Birth and blessings
Holy Imam Zainul Abideen Al-Sajjad (a.s.) was the son of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.). His mother was Bibi Shahar Bano who was a princess from Persia, the daughter of the Kind Yazd Gard II. She was brought as a prisoner of war during the caliphate period of Holy Imam Ali (a.s.) during 31 A.H. Holy Imam Ali (a.s.) got her freed and married her to Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.). Holy Imam Zainul Abideen was born from this wedlock. She, however, died within 10 days of the birth of Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.).
His title Zain-al-Abideen was granted to him by the Holy Prophet (pbuh) himself who mentioned that on the day of judgement a call for Zain-al-Abideen will be made and my son Ali bin al-Hussain (a.s.) will respond to the call saying "Labbaik". His other Title, Syed-us-Sajideen, was given because of his devotion to prayers. He would pray for long durations specially during the nights and would pray a lot of prayers of gratitude - Namaz-e-Shukrana.
Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) spent the first 2 years of his life under the care of his grandfather Holy Imam Ali (a.s.) and after his death in 50 A.H., he was brought up under the care of the his uncle Holy Imam Hasan (a.s.). Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) was married to Bibi Fatima (a.s.) - daughter of Holy Imam Hasan (a.s.). Holy Imam Hasan (a.s.) was martyred in 50 A.H. and the Imamate of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) started which terminated on 10th Moharram 61 A.H. from where the Imamate of Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) began.
Period of Imamate and events of Karbala
Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) was about 22 or 23 years old when the sad event of Karbala occured. Since Allah (swt) mentions in his holy Book that this world cannot survive for a moment if there is no Masoom "Imam" present at all times, Allah (swt) arranged it such that Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) became severely ill during that battle and could not participate as a warrior. He asked the permission to fight in the battle but Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) told him that he had been assigned a different type of "Jihad" that was to start after the martyrdom of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) - namely leading the women and children of the household of Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) into the bazars and courts of Kufa and Damascus. Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) was made a prisoner of war together with the whole family of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It was at this time that he was given the responsibility of Imamate and this was one of the most difficult times when any Imam was given this responsibility. Truly speaking, for him, it would have been very easy to die on the battle field as a martyr than to be taken as prisoner of war and see all the insult and humiliations thrown on him and on the women folk of the house of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). However, he did what Allah wished him to do
After the martyrdom of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.), the survival of Islam depended on Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.), and that also at a tender age of 22. He had a very hard job of letting the world know the mission of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) and exposing the evil intentions of Yazid and the Bani Umayyah. He had to keep the message of Islam alive and save it from being confused by the evil Bani Umayyah.
The army of Yazid treated him very badly by putting him in heavy chains. As a prisoner of war, he was made to travel on the open back of a camel in burning sunshine from Kerbala to Kufa and then from Kufa to Shaam (Damascus) - a distance of about 750 kilometres. Sometimes, he would be made to walk on the burning sands of the desert. This was not all. Women and children of the family of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), too, were hand-cuffed and treated like they were slaves. The daughters of Holy Imam Ali (a.s.) and Bibi Fatima(s.a.) were treated worse than criminals, their Hijabs were taken away from them. A caller accompanied them introducing them to the passersbys as "Those who had disobeyed the Muslim ruler, Yazid". They were then presented as prisoners, first to Ibn-e-Ziyad in Kufa and then to Yazid in Damascus.
In the courts of Ibn-e-Ziyad and Yazid, Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) gave lion-hearted lectures and presented the true Islam to the listeners and introduced himself and his accompanying members as the descendents of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the leaders appointed by Allah (swt). His lectures had such an impact on the listeners that despite several attempts to kill him inside the court of both Yazid and Ibn-e-Ziyad could not materialize. Bibi Zainab (s.a.) and other women of the household of Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) became the frontline protectors and were backed by the people in the court of Yazid who had still left some shame in them.
To quote one incidence, Yazid asked one of his employed preachers to go on the 'Mimber' (pulpit) of the Mosque and abused Holy Imam Ali (a.s.) and his family. When the preacher finished his lecture, Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) turned to him and said, "Be ashamed of yourself, you evil speaker. With your words you have displeased Allah so as to please people". Then the Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) asked Yazid to let him talk to the people. Yazid refused to do so. The people of Syria, however, forced Yazid to allow the Holy Imam to go on the Mimber.
Once on the Mimber, Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) first praised Allah (swt) and His Messenger Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). After that the Holy Imam gave along and very powerful speech letting the Syrians know the great position of Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) to Allah (swt), and how evil Yazid and his family were. Part of the speech is summarised below:
"O listeners Allah has given us (Ahle Bart) six things which no one else has. He has given us special Wisdom, Patience, Dignity, Power of speech, Courage and Respect. He gave us special benefit of belonging to the family of his Prophet. To us belong Hamza and Jafar. To us belong Asadullah (The lion of Allah, Holy Imam Ali (a.s.)). To us belong the leader of the youths of paradise (Imam Hassan(a.s.) and Holy Imam Hussain(a.s.)). "Those who know me, know me. Those who do not, then know that I am the son of Mecca and Madina. I am the son of Zamzam and Safa. I am the son of he who gave Zakat to the poor. I am the son of the best of those who have ever put on Ihram and performed ceremonies of Hajj. I am the son of he who was taken on the night journey from house of Allah to the Mosque of Aqsa and then to Miraj. I am the son of he who was taken around by Gibrael to the Lote-tree of the boundary (Sidratul Muntaha). "I am the son of Muhammad Mustafa (pbuh). I am the son of Ali Al-Murtaza (a.s.) who fought the polytheists in the battle till they submitted to Islam and fought in the presence of the Prophet until his sword was broken and to whom Zulfikar was given. I am the son of he who had the honour to migrate twice in Islam. I am the son of Fatima the best women of the world...".
The effect of the speech was so powerful that everybody in the Mosque began to weep and to blame Yazid. Yazid was afraid that if the Holy Imam continued his speech, there would be a revolution and revolt. At the same time Yazid could not stop the Holy Imam and get him down from the Mimber. He therefore ordered a "Muazzin" to give Azan, knowing that this would automatically cut the Holy Imam's speech. But he underestimated the Imam's bravery and intelligence. The Holy Imam stopped his speech but did not get down from the Mimber. When the Muazzin said " Allahu Akber" the Holy Imam testified Allah's greatness. When the Muazzin said, "Ash hadu anna Muhammaddan Rasulullah", the Holy Imam stopped the Muazzin from going any further. He then turned to Yezid and asked him. "Tell me o Yazid, was Muhammad (pbuh) your grandfather or mine? If you say he was your grandfather it will be an open lie and if you say he was my grandfather then why have you killed his son and imprisoned his family? Why have you killed my father and brought his women and children to this city as prisoners?" Yazid had no reply to give.
The effect of this was to turn Syrians against Yazid. Everyone of them now found out about Yazid's crimes that he had committed against the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his family. They began to blame him and ask for the release of Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) and the womenfolk of the house of the Holy Prophet (pbuh). Yazid was now afraid that if he did not act fast his rulership would be lost. He therefore freed Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) and let. him return to Medina with full honour and respect.
His Life in Madina
Yazid had to free the Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) out of fear of his own rulership, therefore, Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) was still not completely safe from his evil designs even upon reaching back to Madina. Once in Madina, Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) gathered the people and told them the horrifying stories of Karbala and informed them that his father Holy Imam Hussain (a.s.) and his companions were martyred and his family members were made prisoners and were taken from one city to another and branded as traitors.
Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) started regular mourning session right from the day he arrived in Madina and apprised the people of the hard times that the family of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) had to go through. Day in and day out, people used to go to Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) and present condolence and hear the events of Karbala. Once a visitor named Noman came to Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) and asked him which was the most difficult time he had to face and the Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) cried for a long time and three times said "AS-SHAAM AS-SHAAM AS- SHAAM". Another visitor asked him as to how long would he continue mourning and crying and he replied that Holy Prophet Ayub (a.s.) had 12 sons and only one of them got lost and he know that he was still alive but he continued crying until his eyes became white and his back got bent - I had seen 17 members of my family being slaughtered around me like sheep and you ask me as to how long I would continue mourning.
Another task that Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) did after coming back from Syria was that he started praying and saying supplications with full devotion. His devotion was so strong and felt by his companions and visitors that they started collection his supplications which still exist by the name of SAHIFA-E-KAMILA. It is also know as SAHIFA-E-SAJJADIA. It consists of 54 Duas, 14 additional duas and 15 Munajaat. In addition to the SAHIFA there are several other supplications of the Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) which appear under different cover names.
His martyrdom
Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) kept his life very personal and preferred to stay in a town close to Madina from where he would preach the true religion of Allah (swt) quietly and with character. His character and preaching inspired a large number of people specially in the vicinity of Madina and Makkah. Slowly the tyrant rulers of his time began to realize the dangers that they faced from the Holy Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.)'s preaching and character. His period of Imamate was full of tyrant rulers such as Yazid untill 64 A.H., Muawiya bin Yazid and Marwan bin-al-Hakam until 65 A.H, then from 68 A.H. until 86 A.H. was the rulership of Abdul Malik bin Marwan and finally from 86 A.H. until 96 A.H. was the period of Walid bin Abdul Malik. Amid this growing threat, Walid decided to poison and kill the Imam and finally he succeeded in his ulterior motives and Imam Holy Zainul Abideen (a.s.) was poisoned by the governor of Madina and martyred on 25th Moharram 95 A.H. (713 A.D.)
